Education5 min read
The Founding of the United Nations: From the Atlantic Charter to 1945
How the UN was founded: the 1941 declarations, Moscow, Dumbarton Oaks, the Yalta veto deal, San Francisco and the Charter in force on 24 October 1945.
383 articles · page 3 of 16
Education guides, page 3
Articles 49–72 of 383, newest first. The introduction to this reading list, its topic hubs and the guides other articles cite most are on the first page.
Education articles 49–72
- Education3 min read
Fractional Shares: Buying Part of a Share, and the Catches
A fractional share is less than one whole share. How dollar-based orders, dividends and splits work, and the limits on voting, order types and transfers.
- Education4 min read
Composition and Inverse Functions: When an Inverse Exists and How to Find It
How to compose functions, why order matters, when a function has an inverse, and how to find and check one, with examples on finite sets and the integers.
- Education4 min read
Primes and the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic: Why Factorisation Is Unique
Every integer above 1 is a product of primes in exactly one way. Why that needs proof, how existence and uniqueness are shown, and what it tells you.
- Education4 min read
Generating Functions: Turning a Sequence into an Algebra Problem
A generating function stores a sequence as the coefficients of a power series. How to build one, the core identities, and how to count and solve recurrences.
- Education5 min read
Graph Coloring and the Chromatic Number: Scheduling, Maps and Limits
A proper coloring gives adjacent vertices different colors. How to find the chromatic number, the bounds that help, the four color theorem, and scheduling uses.
- Education4 min read
Graph Isomorphism: How to Show Two Graphs Are (or Are Not) the Same
Two graphs are isomorphic when a relabelling turns one into the other. How to prove it with a bijection, disprove it with an invariant, and avoid the traps.
- Education4 min read
Graph Theory Basics: Vertices, Edges, Degrees and the Handshake Lemma
The vocabulary of graph theory explained with small examples: vertices, edges, degree, paths, cycles, connectivity and the handshake lemma, with its proof.
- Education4 min read
Hamiltonian Paths and Cycles: Why No Simple Test Exists
A Hamiltonian cycle visits every vertex exactly once. Why no simple test exists, the sufficient conditions that help, and how to rule one out.
- Education3 min read
How Dividends Work: Declaration, Ex-Dividend and Payment Dates
How a company declares and pays a dividend, which date decides who receives it, why the share price often drops on the ex-date, and how stock dividends differ.
- Education3 min read
How the Stock Market Works: Exchanges, Brokers and the Price of a Trade
What happens between pressing buy and owning a share: brokers, exchanges, market makers, how prices form from bids and asks, and when a trade settles.
- Education5 min read
How to Make a Truth Table, Step by Step
Build a truth table without errors: count the rows, fill the input columns in a fixed pattern, add one column per connective, and read the final column.
- Education3 min read
How to Read a Stock Quote: Every Number on the Screen, Explained
Last price, change, bid and ask, volume, ranges, market cap, P/E and yield: what each figure on a stock quote means and what it does not tell you.
- Education3 min read
How to Read an Earnings Report: The 10-Q, the 10-K and the Press Release
What a company publishes each quarter, where to find it on EDGAR, and how to read the income statement, cash flow, risk factors and non-GAAP figures.
- Education3 min read
How to Read Candlestick Charts, and What a Pattern Cannot Tell You
Each candlestick shows a period's open, high, low and close. How to read bodies and wicks, what common patterns are said to mean, and why none of them predicts.
- Education4 min read
How to Study for a Discrete Math Exam: A Plan Built Around Definitions and Practice
A two-week plan for a discrete math exam: learn the definitions, test yourself instead of rereading, practise proofs from blank paper, and sit a timed mock.
- Education5 min read
How to Write a Direct Proof: A Template and Five Worked Examples
A direct proof assumes the hypothesis and reasons forward to the conclusion. A reusable template, five worked proofs and the mistakes that cost marks.
- Education5 min read
The Hundred Years’ War: Why It Lasted 116 Years
England and France fought on and off from 1337 to 1453. The three phases, the truces between them, and why a war named by later historians ran 116 years.
- Education5 min read
The Inclusion–Exclusion Principle: Counting Overlaps Without Double-Counting
Inclusion–exclusion counts a union of overlapping sets: add the sets, subtract pairwise overlaps, add back triple overlaps. Formulas and four worked problems.
- Education4 min read
What Is an Index Fund? How Tracking an Index Works
An index fund aims to match an index's return before fees rather than beat it. How tracking works, why costs matter, tracking difference and the limits.
- Education4 min read
Injective, Surjective and Bijective Functions: How to Tell Them Apart
One-to-one, onto, or both? Definitions, worked examples on finite and infinite sets, how to prove each property, and how to count each kind of function.
- Education4 min read
Investment Fraud Red Flags: Guaranteed Returns, Pressure and Pump-and-Dumps
The warning signs the SEC lists: guaranteed high returns, pressure to act now, unsolicited contacts, odd payment methods and pump-and-dump stock tips.
- Education4 min read
Knights and Knaves Puzzles: Solving Them with Propositional Logic
Knights always tell the truth and knaves always lie. How to turn each statement into a biconditional, solve by cases or truth table, and check the answer.
- Education4 min read
Counting Lattice Paths on a Grid
How many shortest routes cross a grid? Why the answer is a binomial coefficient, how to count paths through or around a point, and the Pascal link.