Education6 min read
Why the Second World War Death Toll Is Given as a Range
Three reputable sources, three different totals. What actually varies: who counts as a casualty, which deaths are counted, and who was able to count at all.
383 articles · page 14 of 16
Education guides, page 14
Articles 313–336 of 383, newest first. The introduction to this reading list, its topic hubs and the guides other articles cite most are on the first page.
Education articles 313–336
- Education6 min read
When a Sequence Puzzle Has More Than One Right Answer
Why a finite list of numbers never forces a single continuation, the convention that makes sequence puzzles answerable anyway, and how to check yours.
- Education5 min read
Short-Term Memory and Working Memory Are Not the Same
One holds information; the other holds it while you do something to it. What separates the two terms, and a quick test for telling which a task needs.
- Education6 min read
Simplifying a Fraction Quickly: Clear the 2s and 5s First
Reduce in a fixed order — halve, clear the 5s, then use digit sums for 3 and 9 — and you cut the numbers down before the expensive tests start.
- Education5 min read
Spaced Repetition for History: Designing Decks That Stick
How to build history flashcard decks that hold sequence and cause, not just dates, and what the classroom research on spacing and retrieval actually measured.
- Education5 min read
Spatial Reasoning Is Not Number Sense
Spatial ability and mathematics are related but distinct. What spatial reasoning means, how it is measured, and why arithmetic drill is not practice for it.
- Education7 min read
Squares, Cubes and the Roots You Can Read Straight Off Them
Memorise the squares to 30 and the cubes to 15, then use a last-digit filter and a digital-root check to read exact roots straight back off them.
- Education5 min read
Srivijaya and Majapahit: Maritime Powers of the Indonesian Archipelago
Two great archipelago states, and two very different evidence problems. What is documented about Srivijaya and Majapahit, and what is reconstruction.
- Education6 min read
Strategy for a Timed Reasoning Test: Pacing, Skipping and Guessing
How to budget seconds per question, when to abandon an item, and what a guess is actually worth under different marking schemes — with the arithmetic shown.
- Education5 min read
Subtraction Without Borrowing: Slide Both Numbers
Add the same amount to both numbers and the difference does not change, but the borrow disappears. Here is why that is safe, and how to pick what to add.
- Education5 min read
Sumer and the First Cities: What First City Really Means
First city is a definition, not a discovery. The Mesopotamian candidates, the rivals in Anatolia, Peru and the Indus, and the criteria that decide between them.
- Education7 min read
The Swahili Coast City-States and the Indian Ocean Trading World
Kilwa, Lamu and Zanzibar were African-rooted, Indian Ocean-connected towns. What archaeology and ancient DNA now show about how they formed.
- Education6 min read
Syllogisms: All, Some, None and What Follows
Categorical statements come in four forms. The square of opposition, a circle-drawing method that settles validity, and the invalid forms that feel right.
- Education5 min read
Tang and Song China: An Age of Invention, Cities and Commerce
Printing, paper money, examinations and huge cities. What the Tang and Song dynasties actually changed, with the dates and the evidence behind them.
- Education7 min read
Umayyad, Abbasid and Fatimid: The Early Caliphates Compared
Three caliphates, three capitals, three ruling families and two rival claims to authority. How to tell Umayyad, Abbasid and Fatimid apart.
- Education6 min read
Times Tables: What Memorising Them Actually Buys You
Recall replaces computation, so the capacity spent working out 7 times 8 goes to the rest of the problem. That is the mechanism, and its limit.
- Education7 min read
Toussaint Louverture and the Generals of Haitian Independence
Toussaint died in a French prison before Haiti was free. What the archives show about him, Dessalines, Christophe and Petion, and who wrote the record.
- Education7 min read
Liberation Leaders of the Twentieth Century
Gandhi, Nkrumah, Ho Chi Minh, Sukarno and Mandela chose different strategies against colonial rule. What each actually did, and where accounts differ.
- Education6 min read
Unit Price: Comparing Two Sizes Without a Calculator
You rarely need the price per unit. Scale the smaller pack up to the larger one and compare two totals — one multiplication instead of two awkward divisions.
- Education5 min read
Using What-If Scenarios Without Confusing Them for the Record
A discipline for alternate-history scenarios: read the documented outcome first, change one variable, stop at one step, and never cite a simulated result.
- Education5 min read
The Question Types That Appear on Verbal Reasoning Tests
Verbal reasoning tests use a short list of formats: true/false/cannot say, text completion, sentence equivalence and comprehension. Here is what each probes.
- Education6 min read
Visual Pattern Puzzles and the Four Rules They Use
Figural pattern puzzles run on translation, rotation, reflection and glide reflection, plus a counted attribute. How to name what changes, and check it.
- Education4 min read
A Five-Minute Warm-Up Before Study or Focused Work
A short drill used as a start ritual, not a cognitive enhancer: why the hard part is beginning, and what five minutes of arithmetic is actually doing.
- Education8 min read
Benin, Oyo, Kongo, Asante and Sokoto: Five African States Worth Knowing
Benin, Oyo, Kongo, Asante and Sokoto had different constitutions, economies and religions. What each one was, and how each met the Atlantic world.